The degree of phonological advance planning in spoken production was investigated with a paradigm in which speakers performed speeded naming responses to coloured line drawings of objects. Colours and object names were chosen such that a phoneme matched, or mismatched, between adjective and noun. A facilitatory effect of repeated phoneme was demonstrated, which was found not only when the phoneme occupied the word-initial position (“green goat”), but also in the central (“black pan”) or word-final (“black monk”) position. These results imply that speakers planned the phonological content of the entire phrase before starting their articulation. A facilitatory effect was additionally found when the repeated phoneme occupied a different position within each word (“green flag”). The latter result suggests that the spoken production system represents segments independently of their position within a word.